london underground line, with most stations

It has 50 stations, counting all branches, and is the busiest of all lines, with 294 million passenger journeys recorded in 2016/17. Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 has a single-player level named Mind The Gap where most of the level takes place between the dockyards and Westminster while the player and a team of SAS attempt to take down terrorists attempting to escape using the London Underground via a hijacked train. During air raids in 1915 people used the tube stations as shelters. [206], In 2014, TfL became the first public transport provider in the world to accept payment from contactless bank cards. A London Underground line and the London Overground have been suspended as a result of the incident as police swarmed the station this afternoon Police arrive at the scene following the double . Which underground line has most stations? [91] In 2019[update], over 12 million Oyster cards and 35 million contactless cards were used, generating around 5bn in ticketing revenue. [60] After work restarted on the Central line extensions in east and west London, these were completed in 1949. Tube stations were used as air-raid shelters during . This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled articulated trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. The extension was privately funded, with contributions from developments across the Battersea Power Station, Vauxhall and Nine Elms areas. Photo Sales. [241] Passengers are entitled to a refund if their journey is delayed by 15minutes or more due to circumstances within the control of TfL,[242] and in 2010, 330,000 passengers out of a potential 11million Tube passengers claimed compensation for delays. It was the UK's deadliest terrorist incident since 1988. [3] It is operated by Transport for London (TfL). [162] The EE network has also recently released a WiFi calling feature available on the iPhone. [22] To prepare construction, a short test tunnel was built in 1855 in Kibblesworth, a small town with geological properties similar to London. The stations were the first on the Underground to have platform edge doors, and were built to have step free access throughout. The day-to-day running of the corporation is left to the Commissioner of Transport for London. [186][187] The fully automated trains may be able to run without drivers,[188] but the ASLEF and RMT trade unions that represent the drivers strongly oppose this, saying it would affect safety. The shortest, at Stratford, gives a vertical rise of 4.1 metres (13ft). The Metropolitan Railway protested about the change of plan, but after arbitration by the Board of Trade, the DC system was adopted. [269][270] The word "UNDERGROUND" was placed in a roundel instead of a station name on posters in 1912 by Charles Sharland and Alfred France, as well as on undated and possibly earlier posters from the same period. [218] Since 2010 a dispute between London Underground and trade unions over holiday pay has resulted in a limited service on Boxing Day.[221]. [73], On 28 February 1975, a southbound train on the Northern City Line failed to stop at its Moorgate terminus and crashed into the wall at the end of the tunnel, in the Moorgate tube crash. Fares are calculated based on the number of zones traversed. London Underground is therefore extending their operational life by making major repairs to many of the trains to maintain reliability. [24] It was hailed as a success, carrying 38,000 passengers on the opening day, and borrowing trains from other railways to supplement the service. On social media, email or the website, our travel tools can help you get around. [323] Today, commissions range from the pocket tube map cover, to temporary art pieces, to large scale permanent installations in stations. Bakerloo line capacity could be increased by 25% with 27 tph at peak times by 2033. Capacity can be increased further if the operation of the Charing Cross and Bank branches is separated. 270 stations Since then the Underground network, affectionately nicknamed the Tube by generations of Londoners, has grown to 270 stations and 11 lines stretching deep into the Capital's suburbs, and beyond. [37] Robyn Denny designed the murals on the Northern line platforms at Embankment. [239] Capacity increases have been overtaken by increased demand, and peak overcrowding has increased by 16 percent since 200405. The London Underground was the world's first underground railway. According to Ruth Artmonsky, over 150 women artists were commissioned by Pick and latterly Christian Barman to design posters for London Underground, London Transport and London County Council Tramways. [31], For the first deep-level tube line, the City and South London Railway, two 10feet 2inches (3.10m) diameter circular tunnels were dug between King William Street (close to today's Monument station) and Stockwell, under the roads to avoid the need for agreement with owners of property on the surface. [283] The City & South London Railway opened with red-brick buildings, designed by Thomas Phillips Figgis, topped with a lead-covered dome that contained the lift mechanism and weather vane (still visible at many stations e.g. Blind Ultimate Minefield: Europe. [246] As of 2015[update] there have been nine consecutive years in which no employee fatalities have occurred. The London Underground has been running for 160 years. Around 4,000 RMT Union station staff have . Photo Sales. [285] Clark would later design "Chiltern Court", the large, luxurious block of apartments at Baker Street, that opened in 1929. In some places, the tunnels are above each other (for example, the Central line east of St Paul's station), or the running tunnels are on the right (for example on the Victoria line between Warren Street and King's Cross St. Pancras, to allow cross-platform interchange with the Northern line at Euston). The first trains run from about 05:00 and the last trains until just after 01:00, with later starting times on Sunday mornings. [227] The stations on the Jubilee Line Extension, opened in 1999, were the first stations on the system designed with accessibility in mind, but retrofitting accessibility features to the older stations is a major investment that is planned to take over twenty years. Its platforms are, on average, 22m below sea level. [3] It is operated by Transport for London (TfL). [133] It was claimed in 2002 that, if animals were being transported, temperatures on the Tube would break European Commission animal welfare laws. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. It is served by twenty five stations between Harrow &. [6], The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. [209], A concessionary fare scheme is operated by London Councils for residents who are disabled or meet certain age criteria. [318], The Johnston Sans letter font began appearing on posters from 1917. Most of the system is north of the River Thames, with six of the 32 London boroughs in the south of the city not served by the Underground. Round 3: London Underground True or False Questions. [159] UK subscribers to the Three mobile network can use the[160] InTouch[161] app to route their voice calls and texts messages via the Virgin Media Wifi network at 138 London Transport stations. [203] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. [292] Holden's design for the Underground's headquarters building at 55 Broadway included avant-garde sculptures by Jacob Epstein, Eric Gill and Henry Moore.[293][294]. The London Underground map serves as a playing field for the conceptual game of Mornington Crescent[334] (which is named after a station on the Northern line) and the board game The London Game. 4. [225], Night Tube services were suspended in March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Its first section opened in 1863, making it the oldest underground metro system in the world. [146] The escalators had a diagonal shunt at the top landing. [151] The only wooden escalator not to be replaced was at Greenford station, which remained until March 2014 when TfL replaced it with the first incline lift on the UK transport network in October 2015. [199][200][201], TfL introduced the Oyster card in 2003; this is a pre-payment smartcard with an embedded contactless RFID chip. In recent years, the stations of the 1990s Jubilee Line Extension were designed in a high-tech style by architects such as Norman Foster and Michael Hopkins. [262][263], The current standard tube map shows the Docklands Light Railway, London Overground, Emirates Air Line, London Tramlink and the London Underground;[264] a more detailed map covering a larger area, published by National Rail and Transport for London, includes suburban railway services. If you take the average depth below sea level of all the platforms in each tube station - an important clarification - London Bridge comes out on top (bottom). Today's tube map is an evolution of that original design, and the ideas are used by many metro systems around the world. [32] The Waterloo and City Railway opened in 1898,[33] followed by the Central London Railway in 1900, known as the "twopenny tube". [275] As of 2013[update], forms of the roundel, with differing colours for the ring and bar, are used for other TfL services, such as London Buses, Tramlink, London Overground, London River Services and Docklands Light Railway. [176][177], The eighty-six 1973 stock trains that operate on the Piccadilly line are some of the most reliable trains on the London Underground. [55] In 1999, the Jubilee Line Extension project extended the Jubilee line from Green Park station through the growing Docklands to Stratford station. Ackroyd, P. (2012). [12], The early tube lines, originally owned by several private companies, were brought together under the Underground brand in the early 20th century, and eventually merged along with the sub-surface lines and bus services in 1933 to form London Transport under the control of the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB). Overall, 75 of the 100 best-performing busy stations in the UK are in the capital, and London Overground is one of the top three most punctual railway lines, rail tracker website On Time Trains found. Heathrow has three London Underground stations - one for Terminals 2 and 3 and one each at Terminal 4 and Terminal 5. Underground map with the tube lines and stations, according to the current . [59] Following bombing in 1940, passenger services over the West London line were suspended, leaving Olympia exhibition centre without a railway service until a District line shuttle from Earl's Court began after the war. [184][185] On 9 October 2014 TFL published a shortlist of those (Alstom, Siemens, Hitachi, CAF and Bombardier) who had expressed an interest in supplying 250 trains for between 1.0billion and 2.5billion, and on the same day opened an exhibition with a design by PriestmanGoode. [198] Single and return tickets are available in either format, but Travelcards (season tickets) for longer than a day are available only on Oyster cards. There are three instances where two separate stations share the same name: Edgware . People ask also, what is the longest underground line? [253], Early maps of the Metropolitan and District railways were city maps with the lines superimposed,[254] and the District published a pocket map in 1897. The deepest station below sea level. [272][39] The roundel was first printed on a map cover using the Johnston typeface in June 1919, and printed in colour the following October. These were all delivered by 2017. Five trains will be required for the Northern line extension and 45 to increase frequencies on the rest of the line. The free trial proved successful and was extended to the end of 2012,[156] whereupon it switched to a service freely available to subscribers to Virgin Media and others, or as a paid-for service. Lewisham previously had two Underground stations on the East London Line, but they are part of the London Overground network. [111], The London Underground was used by 296.1million passengers in 202021.[3]. The line opened in 196871 with the trains being driven automatically and magnetically encoded tickets collected by automatic gates gave access to the platforms. [145] The first escalator on the London Underground was installed in 1911 between the District and Piccadilly platforms at Earl's Court and from the following year new deep-level stations were provided with escalators instead of lifts. Now, the ventilation space above head height is crowded with ducting, conduits, cameras, speakers and equipment acting as a baffle plates with predictable reductions in flow. [189] The invitation to tender for the trains was issued in January 2016;[190] the specifications for the Piccadilly line infrastructure are expected in 2016,[184][185] and the first train is due to run on the Piccadilly line in 2023. [98] Although not part of the Underground, the line connects with several Underground stations. [41][42] When the "Bakerloo" was so named in July 1906, The Railway Magazine called it an undignified "gutter title". Kings Cross St Pancras with 6. [165] Due to financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, work to implement the extension is currently on hold. The line will be the first to be upgraded as part of the New Tube for London Project, as passenger numbers have increased over recent years and are expected to increase further. Small changes to the Tube network occurred in the 2000s, with extensions to Heathrow Terminal 5, new station at Wood Lane and the Circle line changed from serving a closed loop around the centre of London to a spiral also serving Hammersmith in 2009. Although relatively modern and well within their design life, the trains need work in the medium term to ensure the continued reliability of the traction control equipment and maintain fleet serviceability until renewal, which is expected between 2028 and 2032. This resulted in the closure of the short section of tunnel between Green Park and Charing Cross stations. [230], The standard issue tube map indicates stations that are step-free from street to platforms. These lines have the exclusive use of a pair of tracks, except for the Uxbridge branch of the Piccadilly line, which shares track with the District line between Acton Town and Hanger Lane Junction and with the Metropolitan line between Rayners Lane and Uxbridge; and the Bakerloo line, which shares track with London Overground's Watford DC Line for its aboveground section north of Queen's Park. 4 Northern line - 58km. [213], In addition to automatic and staffed faregates at stations, the Underground also operates on a proof-of-payment system. [235] New trains, such as those being introduced on the sub-surface network, have access and room for wheelchairs, improved audio and visual information systems and accessible door controls. [96][97] Many Overground stations interchange with Underground ones, and Overground lines were added onto the Tube map. [92], During the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the Underground saw record ridership levels, with over 4.3 million people using the Tube on some days. These are made up of the sub-surface network and the deep-tube lines. This, combined with segregation of trains at Camden Town junction, will allow 3036 trains per hour compared to 24 trains per hour currently. The 11 lines collectively handle up to 5million passenger journeys a day and serve 272 stations. To enable this, ventilation, power supply and control and signalling systems will be adapted and modified to allow the increase in frequency. [291] In the 1920s and 1930s, Charles Holden designed a series of modernist and art-deco stations some of which he described as his 'brick boxes with concrete lids'. build the 'Thameslink 2' to Stratford via Greenwich, Canary Wharf and Bromley-by-Bow to take pressure off the DLR, and then go up to Stansted Airport where . [260] Although Fred H. Stingemore enlarged the central area of the map, it was Harry Beck who took this further by distorting geography and simplifying the map so that the railways appeared as straight lines with equally spaced stations. [339] Analysis of the Underground as a network may also be helpful for setting safety priorities, since the stations targeted in the 2005 London bombings were amongst the most effective for disrupting the transportation system. [226], Accessibility for people with limited mobility was not considered when most of the system was built, and before 1993 fire regulations prohibited wheelchairs on the Underground. Bank/Mounment has 6 (if you include the DLR). [125] Since the early 1960s all passenger trains have been electric multiple units with sliding doors[126] and a train last ran with a guard in 2000. [37], With the advent of electric Tube services (the Waterloo and City Railway and the Great Northern and City Railway), the Volks Electric Railway, in Brighton, and competition from electric trams, the pioneering Underground companies needed modernising. Erase Asia (No Outlines or Skips) 5. [261] He presented his original draft in 1931, and after initial rejection it was first printed in 1933. metro systems. Over 28 stations will have lifts installed over the next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100. [70] In 1962, the British Transport Commission was abolished, and the London Transport Executive was renamed the London Transport Board, reporting directly to the Minister of Transport. The District, needing to raise the finance necessary, found an investor in the American Charles Yerkes who favoured a DC system similar to that in use on the City & South London and Central London railways. [300] Stations were built to the latest standards, future proofed for growth, with innovations such as Platform screen doors. I would extend the Hayes Line to Sevenoaks via Keston, Biggin Hill Airport, Westerham, Brasted, Sundridge and Sevenoaks. An example is Green Park tube station, where false ceiling panels attached to metal frames have been installed that reduce the above-head airspace diameter by more than half in many parts. [62] They were not always a guarantee of safety however; on 11 January 1941 during the London Blitz, a bomb penetrated the booking hall of Bank Station, the blast from which killed 111 people, many of whom were sleeping in passage ways and on platforms. The idea of an underground railway linking the City of London with the urban centre was proposed in the 1830s,[21] and the Metropolitan Railway was granted permission to build such a line in 1854. [94] In 2013, the Underground celebrated its 150th anniversary, with celebratory events such as steam trains and installation of a unique Labyrinth artwork at each station.[95]. Clapham Common. Private infrastructure companies (infracos) would upgrade and maintain the railway, and London Underground would run the train service. 1 Piccadilly line - 71km. The LPTB commissioned many new station buildings, posters and public artworks in a modernist style. [10] The system serves 272 stations and has 250 miles (400km) of track. Some stations are in two zones, and the cheapest fare applies. [194] The tube map came second in a BBC and London Transport Museum poll asking for a favourite UK design icon of the 20th century[265] and the underground's 150th anniversary was celebrated by a Google Doodle on the search engine. [142] Often, electronic signs have their flat surface at right angles to the main air flow, causing choked flow. Harlesden . Although the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines station at Paddington is on the other side of the main line station to the Bakerloo, Circle and District lines station, it is shown as a single station on the current Tube map, but still counted as 2 in the official station count. 1869. This list includes all stations on the London Underground and Docklands Light Railway. Police said they were called . [319][320] By the time London Transport was formed in 1933 the UERL was considered a patron of the arts[312] and over 1000 works were commissioned in the 1930s, such as the cartoon images of Charles Burton and Kauffer's later abstract cubist and surrealist images. Fares increased following a legal challenge but the fare zones were retained, and in the mid-1980s the Travelcard and the Capitalcard were introduced. Likewise, Southwark follows at 21m, Elephant & Castle at 18m, followed by Pimlico at 16m . [194] Paper tickets, the contactless Oyster cards, contactless debit or credit cards[195] and Apple Pay[196] and Android Pay[197] smartphones and watches can be used for travel. [98][99] The project involved rebuilding and expanding several central Underground stations including Tottenham Court Road and Whitechapel. The Bakerloo, Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria and Waterloo & City lines are deep-level tubes, with smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels (tubes) with a diameter about 11feet 8inches (3.56m). [234] By 2016 a third of stations had platform humps that reduce the step from platform to train. [321] Harold Hutchison became London Transport publicity officer in 1947, after the Second World War and nationalisation, and introduced the "pair poster", where an image on a poster was paired with text on another. The goal is to visit all the stations on the system, but not necessarily using all the lines; participants may connect between stations on foot, or by using other forms of public transport. [324][325] Major commissions by Art on the Underground in recent years have included Labyrinth by Turner prize winning artist Mark Wallinger to mark the 150th anniversary of the London Underground,[326] "Diamonds and Circles" permanent works "in situ" by French artist Daniel Buren at Tottenham Court Road[327] and "Beauty < Immortality, a memorial to Frank Pick by Langlands & Bell at Piccadilly Circus. The game also features the multiplayer map "Underground", in which players are combating in a fictitious Underground station. [102][103], As of 2021, the Underground serves 272 stations. The London Underground (also known simply as the Underground or by its nickname the Tube) is a rapid transit system serving Greater London and some parts of the adjacent counties of Buckinghamshire, Essex and Hertfordshire in England. [69] In the early 1960s, the Metropolitan line was electrified as far as Amersham, British Railways providing services for the former Metropolitan line stations between Amersham and Aylesbury. The line is predicted to run 30 trains per hour, an increase of up to 50% on the current 21 trains per hour. 1940: People asleep on the platform of Holborn underground station during an air raid. [10] As of 2015[update], 92% of operational expenditure is covered by passenger fares. Jubilee line - 36.2km A saviour for the outskirts of London, which were previously horribly under-served, the Jubilee line is the newest on the network. [338] Routes on the Underground can also be optimized using a global network optimization approach, akin to routing algorithms for Internet applications. [166], Several other extensions have been proposed in recent years, including a further extension of the Northern line to Clapham Junction. For London Underground passengers, research suggests that transfers are highly costly in terms of walk and wait times. The Hammersmith & City and Circle lines share stations and most of their track with each other, as well as with the Metropolitan and District lines. [255] A Central London Railway route diagram appears on a 1904 postcard and 1905 poster,[256] similar maps appearing in District Railway cars in 1908. [170], The thirty-six 1972-stock trains on the Bakerloo line have already exceeded their original design life of 40 years. Countries of the World - No Outlines Minefield. London Tube line suspended after horror double stabbing by station in broad daylight Two people have been stabbed outside of an Underground station in north west London. This London Underground Stations quiz is designed to test London's biggest transport fanatics. [128] New trains are designed for maximum number of standing passengers and for speed of access to the cars and have regenerative braking and public address systems. [68], The District line needed new trains and an unpainted aluminium train entered service in 1953, this becoming the standard for new trains. [104][105] Sixteen Underground stations are outside London region, eight on the Metropolitan line and eight on the Central line. This pressure difference drives ventilation between platforms and the surface exits through the passenger foot network. LONDON UNDERGROUND LINES & STATIONS THE BAKERLOO LINE The Bakerloo Line was opened in 1906 and is fourteen and a half miles long. 2012 - A new fleet of electric trains are introduced, the first on the Underground to feature air conditioning and full-length, walk-through interiors Northern line The Northern line, opened. The London Underground is frequently studied by academics because it is one of the largest, oldest, and most widely used systems of public transit in the world. The study had showed that, with new generation trains and re-signalling: The project is estimated to cost 16.42 billion (9.86billion at 2013 prices). London Underground patronage by line in 201617, Underground Electric Railways Company era, Services using former and current main lines, Sub-surface lines (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle), The Metropolitan and District railways joint inner circle service started in the shape of a horseshoe, a complete loop was formed in 1884. [37] The Metropolitan even encouraged beards for staff to act as an air filter. [23] The world's first underground railway, it opened in January 1863 between Paddington and Farringdon using gas-lit wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives. The peak frequency was increased to 36 trains per hour in 2016 after track works were completed to the layout of the points at Walthamstow Central crossover, which transfers northbound trains to the southbound line for their return journey. [282] Early District Railway stations were similar and on both railways the further from central London the station the simpler the construction.