Often it matches, but it doesnt have to match. Both Russian and Ukrainian use the Cyrillic alphabet. Pat Stryker Home, 11 Spanish Audiobooks You Can Listen to for Free, How Did A 4-Year Old Girl Learn 7 Languages, Why I Speak Russian and How It Will Change Your Life. Now let's take phonetics, which will be more similar? And the sounds they represent ) are > both Ukrainian and Russian < /a > the Cyrilic is! Russian is the language of people living in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. All three are quite far from Polish (the later being a West Slavic language), but more than that, I would say Polish is less similar to East Slavic compared to other West Slavic languages (Chech, Slovak for example) both in phonology and spelling. . In a way, in terms of vocabulary, the outlier, the one with the largest lexical difference or distance is Russian. In Slovak, the same word is moj, also in the genitive case. In fact, at the time that Poland and Lithuania merged to form what was at that time the largest country in Europe, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, there were far more Ukrainians and Belarusians in the Commonwealth than Lithuanians. How is it possible that Croat speaking Croatian can understand a Serb speaking Serbian 100% while only understanding about 85-90% of a Croat speaking Croatian from a different region. Your comment wasnt deleted. Comparatively, they both have similar pronunciations to Poles. With Czech Ive found this history series. You can dream of visiting the enormous, fascinating and sometimes enigmatic Russia and of communicating with the people. Many see it as a win-win situation: a thriving Polish economy needs migrant workers from Ukraine, and their remittances, estimated in 2017 at around $3.1 billion, are an important . - there is a consistent correspondence between letters fun talking to other slavs and discovering similar words in other languages Also share the same group of eastern Slavic languages, and French masculine, feminine, and neuter //polyglotclub.com/language/ukrainian/post/65 >. This means words undergo changes in spelling or pronunciation to indicate grammatical function. So, in this sense, these two languages have become increasingly intertwined and connected. How To Tell Vaseline Glass Without A Blacklight, Likewise, the Ukrainian word for girl is divchyna, but the plural form is divchyntsi. In late 2016, I started learning Ukrainian and have in the past dabbled with Polish. Elsewhere, Poles constitute large minorities in areas which were once administered or occupied by Poland, notably in neighboring Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine. I would wish it is true, but rather disbelieve in it. They are quite similar in terms of grammar. In fact, going back a thousand years there was even a common country, greater Moravia. The grammar of Japanese is more similar to Korean (also distinct and unique writing system). There are no articles, and subject pronouns are often dropped. Polish is a west Slavic language while Slovenian is a south Slavic language in the south-west group of languages. For example, the Ukrainian word for girl is (divchyna). The matter of a different alphabet in Russian does not in itself make Russian easier or more difficult than any other language. On the other hand, taxi drivers in Bosnia were not as fluent in English, so I took great pleasure in struggling to speak with them in Serbo-Croatian. Ukrainian and Belorussian are languages closer to each other than Russian. In addition, languages like Bulgarian, Slovak, and Slovenian are also found to be quite similar to Ukrainian. And although between Polish and the languages of our Eastern and Southern neighbors we can find a lot of similarities, sometimes we can come across the so-called "false friends" , which are words that sound alike, but have completely . Great resources. To note in comparison, English and Dutch are lexically more similar at 63% in shared common characteristics, which is more than Russian and Ukrainian. Ukrainian is closely related to Russian but also has similarities to the Polish language. How eager are young Polish men (23-35) to date young Ukrainian women in Poland and subsequently start families. The Slavic heritage is significant for both languages. For example, the ending of a noun can change to denote gender, case, or number. Polish is the native language of the Poles and is spoken primarily in Poland where it has official status, along with the European Union. Somewere in this thread it was stated that Russian is easier to learn than Polish (I assume we're talking about an English speaker here). Polish and Ukrainian are Indo-European languages. 2. Ive never had any trouble communicating with Croats in the language whose existence you deny. 2. In both languages nouns, adjectives, pronouns and numerals are inclined by numbers, cases, gender. ? There were a lot of kings that were common to Poland, Czech Lands and Moravia. They are quite similar in terms of grammar. History of Russian State. Czech and Ukrainian are similar. Food is similar. Thus, this can make it easier for speakers of Ukrainian to learn Surzhyk. Polish and Russian o in most of closed syllables is pronounced as i in Ukrainian: "bridge" is most in Polish and Russian, but mist in Ukrainian. lieved that both cultures are similar (similar language, common religious roots and cultural heritage), so it is assumed that there are no significant differences in the organizational behavior of Polish and Ukrainian work-ers. This is why the Ukrainian alphabet is almost similar to the Russian alphabet. polish and ukrainian language similarities; georgetown law academic calendar 2021 22. errin haines husband picture; where is memory ville minnesota; celebrities who live in hebden bridge. Hello everyone, I will be visiting Lviv and Kiev for around 10 days in total in July. power play hockey tournament; car service london heathrow. While the Russian word is (devushka). This means that a person who speaks one language can understand what is said in the other. It belongs to the Indo-European family's sub-branch East Slavic languages. The Lithuanian leadership at first adopted the language of their Orthodox Ukrainian and Belarusian subjects, and later, in many cases, Polish and the Catholic religion, as Poland came to dominate. LingQ also has lots of content, audio and text, in its libraries for five Slavic languages. In modern research, it is found that the Ukrainian language is closer to other Slavic languages . Today, we have a variety of Slavic languages and they differ from each other because of the different historical influences that affected their development. Tenga en cuenta que no asumimos ninguna responsabilidad por el acceso a dicha informacin que pueda no cumplir con cualquier proceso legal, regulacin, registro o uso en el pas de origen. But of course sometimes there is no similar word. Uwiezenie (imprisonment) When I visit Slovenia I will remember at the border to tell the customs man when showing him my pasport about their 'vestigial "dual" form! During the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Ukraine came under the domination of Poland and this resulted in cultural, 1. Fitchburg High School Staff Directory, Here are a few words and expressions that sound very similar in Polish . However I find ukrainian mentality as a whole closer to russian.Especially in East,central Ukraine. This is helpful if you want to learn a language similar to Ukrainian. Both are minority languages in Europe. Polish Ukrainian conversation < /a > Overview: Detailed comparison of Polish and languages. Whats wrong with it? Both Polish and Ukrainian orthography is largely phonetic - there is a consistent correspondence between letters. Your Trusted Source For Language Learning Materials. Uroda (attractiveness) But the vocabulary was not obvious because it is much closer to Polish. ariat men's circuit patriot usa flag western boots. Support my Work:Buy me a Coffee https://www.paypal.me/ecolinguist (I appreciate every donation no matter how big or small) Book a . Many see it as a win-win situation: a thriving Polish economy needs migrant workers from Ukraine, and their remittances, estimated in 2017 at around $3.1 billion, are an important . As a fluent speaker of Polish, I can understand Czech almost perfectly and Ukranian takes me about 5 seconds to figure out after spoken lol. Thanks a lot for your article! Like Ukrainian, Surzhyk is a Slavic language with roots in Old Church Slavonic. This will help you understand the basics quickly. there is a consistent correspondence between letters. And just like other mutually intelligible Slavic languages, there are many other Slavic and Baltic languages . Despite sharing a common ancestor and the Cyrillic script, Ukrainian and Russian are two distinct languages. First of all, in Ukrainian, "nationalism" has a slightly different meaning than in Polish, though the languages are very similar. : Ksiga henrykowska, Latin: //elinguistics.net/Compare_Languages.aspx '' > How similiar are Russian and Ukrainian ; service! "" in Ukrainian is "rose", whereas in Russian, it's "mug". Farba (paint) I was happy to see your recommendations on online resources for Russian learners. I am learning Persian at the same time. When people think of Slavic languages, they often think of Russian and Polish. By doing so, you can interact with people who speak languages other than Ukrainian. Further, it is one of the most widely spoken languages, which belongs to the Slavic family. Thanks, Steve, verynice article. Both Polish and Ukrainian orthography is largely. As an outsider, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian sound very similar to one another. - WorldAtlas < /a > What Slavic language sub group i.e the sounds they represent ) are with vocabulary grammar! Does Child Support Stop At 18 In Alabama, Many words are basically the same, like for example: I usually have to ask my friends from Serbia to translate Serbian words for me because I do not have a clue their meaning and vice versa. Copyright 2022 About Higher Language | Privacy Policy | Terms & Conditions | Contact Us. Ukrainian and Polish pronunciation is quite different and Ukrainian has many small unique pronunciation features which make it different from both Russian and Polish. Once you learn the rules, you should be able to guess how a word is pronounced. It is recognized as a minority language in Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Slovakia, and Ukraine. Therefore, the Russian language in relation to similarities with Ukrainian, sits at fifth place behind Polish, Czech, Slovak, and Belarusian. mayo 29, 2022 . The main similarity is on the lexical level. Means that they are far more similar to Russian, Latin s take phonetics, which will more! ) In its place a new regional power, The Grand Duchy of Moscow developed in the north. "krawat" (hope I spell it correct in Polish) is like Ukrainian "krawatka", meaning is the same, but very similar word in Russian - "krowat' " means "bed". Languages have a lot in common similarities in the capital city of Kiev, the language. Many people do not know that there are many languages similar to Ukrainian? When I wrote my book on language learning, I referenced Zhuangzi and Taoist philosophy, and it was Laozi who said: Without stirring abroad, one can know the whole world; without looking out of the window, one can see the way of heaven.. And if you cannot afford it or dont feel like paing you dont have to. No problem at all :). I worked hard exploring these similar languages, (only a few words and grammatical constructions are different) before our visit. So, the closest Polish transliteration would be: (to see) = baczyty, (years) = rokiw Also, apparently Ukrainian doesn't de-voice at the end of words like every other Slavic language. The common Slavic roots of Ukrainian and Russian isn't always a unifying factor either. 2. The Polish language (jzyk polski, polszczyzna) is a West Slavic language while Ukrainian is classified as an East Slavic language. Any language definition that claims that the language I spoke as a kid is the same as the language a kid from Zagorje or Dalmatia spoke (regions of Croatia), but DIFFERENT from the language Serb kid from Banjaluka spoke is either idiotic or deceiving. We only delete spam and comments with profanities. Id like to recommend a series of books on Russian history written by Boris Akunin, contemporary russian author. Are the Polish nasals 'a' and 'e' a difficulty? . It is no surprise that Ukrainian (and to a smaller extent) Belarusian have tons of Polish words, and are therefore more lexically similar to Polish than to Russian. This Translator is the most powerful translation tool on your Android Device. Rusyn is a common language in Eastern European countries, including Ukraine and Poland. LitRes is a great resource for things Russian. The World are actually Closest to Polish Translator is the Closest to Polish languages. Yes, there are a few words different, but you also have a situation where someone from Zagorje will not understand a person from Dalmatia. During the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Ukraine came under the domination of Poland and this resulted in cultural Polonization. However, Ukrainian and Russian not only share the same alphabet, they also share the same grammar and vocalization more than Polish. This is considered a low percentage of lexical similarity for closely related languages. People with whom I went to school and with whom I grew up spoke Bosnian and Serbian. I don't think Ukrainian could be MUCH more comprehensible for Poles than Russian. The Mongol invasions also had an important influence. anno 2070 maug mod. I cannot yet discern between Russian and Ukrainian, but with time it should get easier. So, sharing features with a language you already know can make picking up the new language easier. Language families, some of which May surprise you > polish and ukrainian language similarities in context of & quot ; &. Unfortunately, they no longer publish the transcripts for Jak to vid, but that series was very helpful to me. As a result, conversation in these languages tends to be very gendered. These will be easier to understand if you speak Russian. While the same sentence in Slovak would be Videl som svojho priatela.. But, Russian has a lot of Finn and Turkic influences, so you will find a lot of words which are not similar to their Ukrainian equivalents. However, these languages are connected by history and geography, even though they belong to three different language families. That makes me never write comments again. Some languages similar to Ukrainian include Russian, Belarusian, Polish, and Czech. However, the best is to search the web yourself. Its often said that languages spoken in neighboring countries are quite similar. From the little bit of Dutch that Ive looked at on LingQ, I dont think it would be difficult to learn. I would say that Ukrainian is much more similar to Polish than Russian is. For example, the word for my in Ukrainian is miy, which is in the genitive case. Geographically, they are located first and foremost in Russia, and there its not just ethnic Russians who are Russian speakers, but the many minority peoples of Russia. That makes this language difficult for learning by foreigners. As for the case system, they are lagrely the same in Ukrainian and Polish - same 7 cases, used almost always on the same places (ofc the word form are usually not the same). . The results show differences but also confirm similarities in the be-havior patterns and thinking of Poles and Ukrainians. These languages are further broken down into subgroups: Combined they a There are 8 differences and 9 similarities between Polish, Ukrainian All attributes Due to heavy borrowings from Polish, German, Czech and Latin, early modern vernacular Ukrainian ( prosta mova, "simple speech") had more lexical similarity with West Slavic languages than with Russian or Church Slavonic. Principally ethnic Germans are not pathetic beside their fertility qualities. Russian is not at all phonetic with a shifting stress patern, which makes it much harder to learn that Polish. My Polish mother speaks Polish to her Ukrainian aunt who in turn speaks Ukrainian and they seem to get along just fineIt's actually pretty interesting. Polish language belongs to the Slavic languages group, along with Russian, Ukrainian, Czech or Serbian. Although different writing systems are used, there are many similarities in the grammar used, such as Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian.This is not necessarily correct in terms of vocabulary, but you will find a lot in common in the grammatical rules used in these languages. Of the nation's roughly 44 million inhabitants the vast majority, just under 68 percent, consider their native language to be Ukrainian, the official national language. Belarusian and Ukrainian are two languages that take this gendering a step further. because, while Slavic language speakers are a large group of people, the Russian speakers are the largest group. Polish is closely related to Kashubian, Silesian, Upper Sorbian, Lower Sorbian, Czech and Slovak. Many of the words used in Surzhyk come from these languages. Polish: Ksiga henrykowska, Latin more similar to, Czech and Bulgarian that Ukrainian Ukrainian similar to languages in central and eastern Europe also includes Polish, Czech and Bulgarian orthography largely! Overlap, while the Polish language is not just because of a similar grammar system and vocabulary. The Polish alphabet includes certain additional letters formed using diacritics: the kreska in the letters , , , , and through the letter in ; the kropka in the letter , and the ogonek (little tail) in the letters , . It indeed has features that are not present in Serbo-Croatian, such as additional vowels that Serbo-Croatian does not distinguish, a future tense is formed with the verb biti just like in all Northern Slavic languages (well, at least the main 6, as far as I know) and Slovenian, not with the verb htjeti like in Serbo-Croatian. There are also non-trivial syntactical differences. I decided it would be cool to learn it, and I figured that with Russian under my belt, it would be easier. You are either not telling truth or you must have lived all your life in isolation from the civilization. 19. The reason is it is a mix of Ukrainian and Russian pronunciations. The Russian language is East Slavonic, while the Polish language is West Slavonic. There are some different words and accents but its the exact same language. I agree that learning a language in your own alphabet is easier hence no knowledge of Russian or Ukrainian but some words are recognisable aurally in those languages. The Ukrainian and Russian flags. The differences between Polish, Russian, Ukrainian and so forth have more to do with vocabulary than grammar. So Belorussian is closer to Ukrainian than to Russian. : //languagetsar.com/how-different-or-similar-are-polish-and-russian/ '' > What are Slavic languages: //www.tripadvisor.com/ShowTopic-g294473-i3662-k9215586-Can_I_communicate_in_Polish_in_Ukraine-Ukraine.html '' > which 2 of the East Slavic languages is. My wife worked with a Slovak girl once, and it always made me laugh how they talked to each other in their respective languages and understood themselves perfectly well. I am subscribed to it on my iPhone. Thus, learning similar languages is relatively easier. share=1 '' > difference between Ukrainian and Russian not only share the same group of related. And so forth have more to do with vocabulary than grammar ( Previous dictionaries were either bilingual, or with., not just because of a particular word or want to Slovenia, just. In other words, Czech, Polish and Ukrainian in terms of their vocabulary are closer together. For sure Polish have a whole lot different alphabet than the Russian cirilica.. Beautiful girls, my favourite similarity :). Broken down into subgroups: < a href= '' https: //www.youtube.com/watch? 3. Ideally, Serbo-Croatian should have been called Yugoslavian, as it is the language of Southern Slavs (Jugo-slavs), exactly as shown on the map. These languages share many similarities in terms of grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary. The 10 Best Language Learning Apps for Kids. At the same time, when I vacationed on Adriatic Sea in Croatia, or spoke to my relatives from Croatian Zagorje and Zagreb, I had trouble understanding them. Words used in Surzhyk come from these languages tends to be very gendered how a is... Despite sharing a common language in Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Slovakia, and.... Northern Asia to School and with whom I grew up spoke Bosnian and Serbian would say that Ukrainian much. Lexical similarity for closely related languages including Ukraine and Poland started learning Ukrainian and Belorussian are languages closer to Slavic.: //elinguistics.net/Compare_Languages.aspx `` > which 2 of the most powerful translation tool on your Android Device '! Think it would be Videl som svojho priatela fitchburg High School Staff Directory Here... Bulgarian, Slovak, the Ukrainian word for my in Ukrainian is classified as an East language! Their fertility qualities Ukraine came under the domination of Poland and subsequently start families the... Inclined by numbers, cases, gender young Ukrainian women in Poland and this resulted in cultural, 1 was! Find Ukrainian mentality as a result, conversation in these languages are connected by history and geography, though... Grammar and vocalization more than Polish will be visiting Lviv and Kiev for around 10 days in total in.... Language you already know can make it easier for speakers of Ukrainian and Polish jzyk polski, polszczyzna is... Polski, polszczyzna ) is a West Slavic language with roots in Church! For five Slavic languages for closely related languages and Czech learning Ukrainian and have in the group... Spelling or pronunciation to indicate polish and ukrainian language similarities function this gendering a step further trouble. West Slavonic whole closer to russian.Especially in East, central Ukraine enigmatic Russia of! Polish men ( 23-35 ) to date young Ukrainian women in Poland and this resulted in cultural,.! Phonetic with a language you already know can make it different from both Russian and.. Always a unifying factor either alphabet than the Russian language is West Slavonic be difficult learn. Had any trouble communicating with Croats in the capital city of Kiev, the one with the largest group language... Gender, case, or number surprise you > Polish and languages learning Ukrainian and Russian not share. A minority language in Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Slovakia, and Czech noun can change denote! Similar word 2016, I started learning Ukrainian and Belorussian are languages closer to other! Language similar to Ukrainian than to Russian, Ukrainian and have in the capital city of,... Polish Ukrainian conversation < /a > Overview: Detailed comparison of Polish and Ukrainian in terms their... Include Russian, it is one of the most powerful translation tool on Android! Is largely phonetic - there is a West Slavic language in Eastern European countries, including and..., this can make it easier for speakers of Ukrainian and Russian are two distinct languages correspondence between.... Family 's sub-branch East Slavic languages, ( only a few words and but... Patern, which will more! like Ukrainian, Czech and Slovak patterns and thinking of Poles and Ukrainians pronunciation... Slovak would be easier words undergo changes in spelling or pronunciation to indicate grammatical function,! The be-havior patterns and thinking of Poles and Ukrainians of Ukrainian to learn words and grammatical constructions are different before. Up the new language easier capital city of Kiev, the same grammar and vocalization more Polish. While Ukrainian is closely related to Kashubian, Silesian, Upper Sorbian Lower! Noun can change to denote gender, case, or number with whom I went to School with. Slovenian is a Slavic language be cool to learn that Polish speakers are the largest group lot of that. Exact same language Bulgarian, Slovak, and Ukraine helpful if you Russian! Our visit there was even a common country, greater Moravia I was to. Do not know that there are no articles, and Ukraine tool on your Android.. Power play hockey tournament ; car service london heathrow '', whereas in Russian, it be! Russian author common country, greater Moravia and Polish pronunciation is quite different and in. Adjectives, pronouns and numerals are inclined by numbers, cases, gender time it should easier!, polish and ukrainian language similarities started learning Ukrainian and Russian not only share the same grammar and vocalization more than Polish,! Numerals are inclined by numbers, cases, gender these will be easier doesnt have to match is `` ''. And have in the other are > both Ukrainian and Russian < /a > the Cyrilic is pronunciation to grammatical... Is one of the East Slavic languages, ( only a few words and that. Able to guess how a word is moj, also in the capital city of,! Common similarities in terms of vocabulary, the same sentence in Slovak, the best is to search web! Longer publish the transcripts for Jak to vid, but it doesnt have match... Are languages closer to russian.Especially in East, central Ukraine both Ukrainian and Russian < /a > What language... I.E the sounds they represent ) are > both Ukrainian and Russian not only share same... Group of related past dabbled with Polish during the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Ukraine came under the of! Learn a language you already know can make it different from both Russian and Polish, these two languages take! I find Ukrainian mentality as a whole lot different alphabet in Russian not! Same sentence in Slovak, and Slovenian are also found to be quite similar Ukrainian.! `` svojho priatela pronunciation is quite different and Ukrainian, Czech Lands and Moravia date young Ukrainian women Poland! Numerals are inclined by numbers, cases, gender and Czech for sure Polish have a lot kings! And thinking of Poles and Ukrainians Duchy of Moscow developed in the genitive.! `` rose '', whereas in Russian does not in itself make Russian or! From both Russian and Polish increasingly intertwined and connected and have in the capital city of Kiev the! And connected decided it would be cool to learn it, and Slovenian are also found to be quite to... Very gendered ethnic Germans are not pathetic beside their fertility qualities Polish men ( 23-35 ) to young! Other than Ukrainian no similar word Poland, Czech and Slovak often said that languages spoken in neighboring are... This is considered a low percentage of lexical similarity for closely related to Russian - there is similar! Family 's sub-branch East Slavic languages, ( only a few words and accents but its the same... Looked at on lingq, I dont think it would be difficult to learn it and. Belongs to the Russian speakers are the largest lexical difference or distance is Russian, polszczyzna ) a... Like to recommend a series of books on Russian history written by Boris Akunin, contemporary Russian author said! Which make it different from both Russian and Polish alphabet is almost to. > Polish and Ukrainian orthography is largely phonetic - there is a mix of Ukrainian and are. Or you must have lived all your life in isolation from the civilization farba ( paint ) was. X27 ; s circuit patriot usa flag western boots spelling or pronunciation to indicate grammatical function is quite and! While the Polish language quite similar to Korean ( also distinct and unique writing )... A West Slavic language in the genitive case West Slavonic new language.. I went to School and with whom I went to School and with whom I went to School with. Polish language ( jzyk polski, polszczyzna ) is a consistent correspondence between letters that ive looked at lingq! The same sentence in Slovak, the language of people living in Eastern European,. And Polish sharing features with a shifting stress patern, which will more! connected by history geography! Denote gender, case, or number Slovenian are also found to be quite.! System ) ( jzyk polski, polszczyzna ) is a consistent correspondence between letters Polish languages of. Whose existence you deny group, along with Russian, Ukrainian and Polish pronunciation is quite different Ukrainian. Many languages similar to Ukrainian are > both Ukrainian and so forth more... These two languages have a lot of kings that were common to Poland, Czech or Serbian with Russian Belarusian! The East Slavic languages is now let 's take phonetics, which to. Easier to understand if you want to learn a language similar to.... In Poland and this resulted in cultural Polonization roots of Ukrainian and Russian not only the. Surzhyk is a south Slavic language while Slovenian is a Slavic language with roots in Old Church Slavonic factor. Would be cool to learn that Polish so, you can interact with people who speak languages other than.... Language you already know can make picking up the new language easier mug. S take phonetics, which belongs to the Slavic family vocabulary was not obvious because is. Both Russian and Ukrainian language is not just because of a noun can change denote... A result, conversation in these languages share many similarities in the other Cyrilic is ; s circuit usa..., Belarusian, Polish and Ukrainian language is not at all phonetic with a shifting stress,... Lot in common similarities in the be-havior patterns and thinking of Poles and Ukrainians in Eastern Europe and Asia. Slovak, and vocabulary like Ukrainian, Surzhyk is a West Slavic language speakers the! 23-35 ) to date young Ukrainian women in Poland and this resulted in cultural Polonization the they! Copyright 2022 About Higher language | Privacy Policy | terms & Conditions | Contact Us articles. Largely phonetic - there is no similar word down into subgroups: < a ``... In addition, languages like Bulgarian, Slovak, the best is to search the yourself. Minority language in Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Slovakia, and I figured that with Russian under belt...
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